2025 Conference on International Cyber Security | 4-5 November 2025
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Chi-Hsuan Cheng

Digital Sovereignty in the State of Nature: A Comparative Evaluation of Cyber Resilience Alliances in the UK and Taiwan

As the global order enters a Hobbesian rupture, states increasingly view international cyber norms as covenants without the sword. In this digital state of nature, sovereignty is no longer a state monopoly but a sociotechnical process forged through strategic alliances with the private sector. This paper provides a unique comparative evaluation of how the United Kingdom, a prominent Western power, and Taiwan, a diplomatically constrained actor, leverage Public-Private Partnerships to secure national resilience.Drawing on 22 semi-structured interviews with frontline investigators and cybersecurity experts, the study utilizes a combined methodology of thematic analysis and grounded theory. Findings reveal that while the UK employs structured frameworks like Industry 100 to maintain global leadership, Taiwan operates in a pure state of nature by relying on its semiconductor supply chain dominance as a form of asymmetric sovereignty.A critical contribution of this research is the discovery of informal personal networks as a primary mechanism to bypass institutional rigidity in both nations. However, the study uncovers an asymmetrical trust dynamic where governments depend on private technical expertise but withhold intelligence due to political constraints. By contrasting these East-West models, the paper argues that future digital sovereignty depends on moving from episodic engagement to trust-based, forward-looking alliances. This comparison offers vital insights into how diverse geopolitical pressures shape the survival of states in an increasingly realist digital world.